Everything about Kawaiisu totally explained
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Kawaiisu (also
Nuwa or
Nuooah) are a
Native American group who lived in the southern
California Tehachapi Valley and in the mountains to the north, toward
Lake Isabella and
Walker Pass. They also traveled eastward on food-gathering trips to areas in the
Mojave Desert to the north and northeast of the
Antelope Valley, as far east as the
Panamint Mountains and the western edge of
Death Valley.
The Kawaiisu lived in permanent winter villages of 60 to 100 people. They often divided into smaller groups during the warmer months of the year and exploited both mountain and desert plants and animals for food and raw materials.
The Kawaiisu were related by language and culture to the
Southern Paiute of southwestern
Nevada and the
Chemehuevi of the eastern Mojave Desert of
California. They may have originally lived in the desert before coming to the Tehachapi Mountains region, perhaps as early as 2000 years ago or before.
The Kawaiisu have been known by several other names, including the
Caliente,
Paiute, and
Tehachapi Indians, but they called themselves Nuwu or "people." The Kawaiisu maintained friendly relations with the neighboring
Kitanemuk and also participated in cooperative
antelope drives (driving herds of antelope into traps so they could be more easily slaughtered) with the
Yokuts, another group living in the
San Joaquin Valley.
Language
The
Kawaiisu language is a member of the Southern Numic division of the
Uto-Aztecan language family. The Kawaiisu homeland was bordered by speakers of non-Numic Uto-Aztecan languages. The Kitanemuk to the south spoke
Takic, the
Tubatulabal to the north spoke Tubatualabal. The Yokuts to the west were non-Uto-Aztecan. Because they also spoke a Southern Numic language, the
Chemehuevi to the east are the closest linguistic relatives to Kawaiisu.
Population
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially.
(See Population of Native California.) Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) proposed the combined 1770 population of the Kawaiisu, Koso (
Western Shoshone), and
Chemehuevi as 1,500. He estimated the surviving population of the Kawaiisu, Koso, and Chemehuevi in 1910 as 500.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Kawaiisu'.
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